Estimating the value of expected credit losses
in the loan and factoring portfolio
The
portfolio
of
receivables
from
factoring
and
loans
consists
mainly
of
exposures
for
which
the
level
of
expected
credit
losses
is
valued
using
the
portfolio
method
using
statistical
models.
For
each
of
the
homogeneous
portfolios
identified
by
the
Group,
the
values
of
expected
credit
losses
(“ECL”)
that
may
occur
within
a
12-
month
period
or
the
remaining
life
of
the
financial
asset
are
estimated,
depending
on
the
classification
of
individual
assets
into
risk
categories (“baskets”).
Expected
credit
losses
as
at
31
December
2024
amounted
to
PLN
16.813
thousand
in
the
loan
portfolio
with
a
gross
value
of
PLN
263,807
thousand
and
PLN
18.321
thousand
in
the
factoring
portfolio
with
a
gross
value
of
PLN
207.416 thousand.
We
considered
the
estimation
of
allowances
for
expected
credit
losses
in
the
loan
and
factoring
portfolio to be a key audit matter due to:
•
the
high
degree
of
uncertainty
related
to
the
estimation
of
the
allowance
for
expected credit losses;
•
the
judgment
used
by
Management
in
modeling
future
scenarios,
forecasting
cash
flows
and
the
value
of
collateral
accepted;
•
the
complexity
of
the
audit
procedures
and
audit
evidence
obtained
due
to
the
level
of
complexity
of
the
calculations
and
the
amount
of
data
used
to
estimate
the
allowance
for
expected
credit losses;
In
the
separate
financial
statements,
the
accounting
policy
and
disclosures
regarding
the
estimation
of
the
value
of
expected
credit
losses
in
the
loan
and
factoring
portfolio
are
presented
under
Note
IV
"Significant
Accounting
Policies",
As part of the procedures performed:
•
we
understood
the
policies
and
procedures
in
the
Group
related
to
estimating
the
value
of
expected
credit
losses
with
the
involvement
of
our
credit
risk specialists
•
we
assessed
whether
the
methodology
used
by
the
Group
to
estimate
expected
credit
losses
is
compliant
with
the
requirements
of
IFRS
9,
in
particular
we
verified
the
Group’s
approach
to
applying
the
criteria
for
identifying
a
significant
increase
in
credit
risk,
the
definition
of
default,
PD
and
LGD
parameters
when
calculating
expected
credit losses;
•
we
critically
analysed
the
key
judgments
and
assumptions;
•
we
agreed
on
selected
input
data
used
to
determine
the
default
parameters
and
estimate expected credit losses;
•
we
verified,
on
a
sample
basis,
the
assignment
of
exposures
to
the
appropriate
buckets
and
the
correctness
of
identifying
the
indications
of
a
significant
increase
in
credit
risk
and
impairment;
•
we
recalculated
expected
credit
losses
in
the
loan
and
factoring
portfolio
on
a
selected
sample;
•
we
performed
analytical
procedures
regarding
the
coverage
of
the
loan
and
factoring
portfolio
with
expected
credit
losses
and
their
changes
during
the
audited
year
and
the
transfer
of
exposures between baskets;
In addition, we verified the completeness and
accuracy of disclosures in the separate financial
statements in accordance with applicable accounting
standards.